Modern residential wiring typically employs a split-circuit design, meaning that electrical devices in different areas are powered by independent circuits. The advantage of this approach is that if a fault occurs in one circuit, it does not disrupt the normal operation of the others, and it also facilitates easier troubleshooting.
A typical home electrical system might include the following circuits: one or two circuits for whole-house lighting; one or two combined circuits for general-purpose outlets in the living room and bedrooms; a dedicated circuit for kitchen outlets; a dedicated circuit for outlets in each bathroom; and a separate, independent circuit for each air conditioner (particularly floor-standing units). The number of circuits should be rationally planned based on the home's floor area and the quantity of electrical appliances, and each circuit should be equipped with appropriate circuit breakers and residual current devices (RCDs).