An electrical wire primarily consists of two components: a conductor and an insulating layer.
The conductor is typically made of copper due to its excellent conductivity. The insulating layer encases the conductor, serving to prevent electrical leakage and ensure safety. Wires commonly used in households are categorized by their cross-sectional area-for instance, 1.5 mm², 2.5 mm², and 4 mm². The larger the cross-sectional area, the greater the safe current the wire can sustain over extended periods.
Generally speaking, 1.5 mm² wires are frequently used for lighting circuits, while 2.5 mm² wires are employed for standard wall outlet circuits. For dedicated circuits serving high-power appliances-such as air conditioners, kitchen equipment, and bathroom fixtures-it is recommended to use 4 mm² wires or those of a larger gauge. Selecting the appropriate wire gauge is the fundamental first step in ensuring electrical safety.